In recent years the expression Latin America and the Caribbean, or LAC for short, has become a catch-all, used increasingly to view trends in nations that are at vastly different stages of development, in many cases not geographically proximate, and often with very little in common. It is an approach particularly favored by multilateral institutions seeming to be there more for reasons of political inclusiveness or bureaucratic neatness. While the LAC expression genuinely has a place in providing a framework for political dialogue for those within and beyond the hemisphere, when it comes to economic matters and the Caribbean, it is of questionable utility given the often very different nature of the challenges facing the Caribbean.

In the last few days there has been widespread international coverage of the view that the LAC region is about to enter a period of very low economic growth, possibly amounting to a recession. Underlying the concern expressed by many economists and those who work for multilateral institutions have been statistics that indicate that growth rates in the LAC region are likely to decelerate further as a result of falling commodity prices and slower growth in the rest of the world, particularly in China.

The point was driven home with the release by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of a report 'Jobs, Wages and the Latin American Slowdown' just before its annual meeting that began on October 9 in Peru. Then the IMF indicated that the deceleration has been unexpectedly acute in the Latin America and the Caribbean region where it says average GDP growth is likely to stagnate this year. This is in contrast to its previous forecast of a 1.5 percent increase for 2015. However, a closer reading of the report makes clear that these headlines largely do not apply to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.

According to the detail contained in the IMF report, the global slowdown is likely to have a differentiated impact across the LAC region. Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean - which grew less rapidly during the commodity boom and experienced a more prolonged period of depressed growth after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis - are now recovering faster "under the pull of the consumption-led U.S. recovery and favorable (on average) terms of trade developments".

The report also points out that some South American countries are faring better than others, noting that in Colombia, Peru and Uruguay, estimated growth in 2015 is anticipated to reach about three percent. This is in contrast to Argentina, Brazil and Ecuador where negative growth is anticipated.

For the Caribbean the difference is important and one that the IMF, other multilateral bodies and financial journalists should be much clearer about; not least because the Caribbean economy is far from being integrated with Latin America.

For the Caribbean what the IMF report actually implies is that Caribbean Basin economies that are services sector or U.S. export oriented have much brighter short-term prospects, unless they are largely commodity dependent. That is to say, nations that are strongly tourism oriented, are financial services providers, or are developing newer industries based on technology, innovation and entrepreneurship, and which relate to markets in North America in particular, are likely to continue to experience growth if competitive; despite the economic difficulties of the advanced developing nations.

Moreover, given the significance of the U.S. as the main driver of the Caribbean and its continuing economic recovery, the longer term boost to U.S. growth flowing from the just signed TransPacific partnership Agreement and the as yet to be completed EU-U.S. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, suggest that demand from the U.S. for Caribbean services will potentially increase.

For the time being at least, a further positive factor for much of Central America and the Caribbean is Venezuela's continuing commitment to maintain its preferential arrangements on oil through PetroCaribe, while nations try to undertake a more diversified approach to power generation and address their indebtedness.

That said, it is clear that uncertainty continues to surround Venezuela's economy which is predicted by the IMF to contract by 10 percent this year as it struggles with declining oil prices, domestic inefficiencies, and widespread shortages. According to the IMF, it now has the world's highest inflation rate at around 200 percent, and despite being South America's second-largest economy is likely to grow by just 0.4 percent this year and then to contract by 0.7 percent in 2016.

Speaking in Peru about this, the IMF's managing director, Christine Lagarde, observed that the multilateral body was struggling with a lack of information, as Venezuela's government had not published any price or growth data since 2014. Other officials separately noted that, in 2015, Venezuela withdrew more than $1.8 billion from a special holding account at the IMF, something they observe they rarely see.

What the IMF report and others like it indirectly suggest is that while a LAC-wide approach and important new bodies like the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) are politically and administratively helpful for developing political initiatives in the Americas, a pan-hemispheric approach or entities like CELAC have much less utility when it comes to trying to paint pictures of economic growth or finding viable solutions.

While the Caribbean is undoubtedly tied to what happens in Latin American economy and to broader global economic trends, it, like its counterparts in Central America, remains for the foreseeable future likely to be linked far more closely to the economic fortunes of the U.S., Canada, and Europe; and in future to inter-regional opportunity within the Caribbean Basin.

o David Jessop is a consultant with the Caribbean Council. This column is published with the permission of Caribbean News Now.

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