Anyone over the age of 65 is at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, yet science suggests that up to 40% of Alzheimer’s cases could be prevented through healthy lifestyle modifications, says an expert from Cleveland Clinic’s Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health ahead of World Alzheimer’s Day on September 21. 

“Changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s take place up to 20 years before the onset of symptoms, so it is never too early to start implementing a healthy lifestyle to reduce risk,” says Jessica Caldwell, PhD, a neuropsychologist who is also trained in neuroscience.  

Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that progressively leads to a decline in individuals’ ability to think, learn, organize, carry out daily activities and remember important details. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60-70% of the 55 million cases of dementia worldwide. The WHO reports that there are nearly 10 million new cases of dementia every year and this number is expected to rise alongside the increasing proportion of elderly populations in most countries. 

Dr. Caldwell, who is Director of the Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement Prevention Center at Cleveland Clinic, says, “Alzheimer’s is multifactorial disease. So, for example, in an individual developing the most common form, late-onset Alzheimer’s, the cause will probably be a combination of factors including aging, genetics, family history, overall health, lifestyle behaviors, and even environmental effects such as air pollution.” 

Although researchers cannot pinpoint all the causes of Alzheimer’s conclusively, they have identified several modifiable risk factors associated with the disease andhave also identified several lifestyle habits that can boost brain function. Among these, Dr. Caldwell says she recommends three lifestyle tips in particular as they offer multiple benefits and support overall health.  

Dr. Caldwell adds that it is never too late in life to implement these three healthy habits as they help to maximize brain function for as long as possible and improve outcomes for those already diagnosed with cognitive impairment. 

Dr Caldwell’s top 3 tips  

1. Exercise regularly: Exercise has both immediate and long-term brain benefits, from increasing brain chemistry that supports the health of brain cells, to reducing factors such as chronic bodily inflammation that can be harmful for the brain, says Dr. Caldwell. She adds that exercise also has indirect brain benefits, for example, improving mood and sleep, reducing stress, supporting heart health, increasing opportunities to socialize, and lowering blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes risk — all of which reduce risks for declining memory with age.  

“The exercise goal for long-term brain health is at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week, for example, a brisk walk,” says Dr. Caldwell. “For healthy adults, more is better, so you could bump this up to 300 minutes, and if you are under the age of 60, high intensity interval training (HIIT) is best for supporting healthy brain function.”  

For people who have not previously exercised, Dr. Caldwell recommends getting a doctor’s approval before starting a program. She suggests enlisting a partner for accountability and motivation, or pairing exercise with something people already enjoy, such as riding a stationary bike while watching TV, or walking while listening to a podcast.  

2. Get sufficient sleep: Poor sleep can have immediate as well as cumulative negative impact on an individual’s brain functioning, says Dr. Caldwell. Conversely, sound sleep improves mood, sharpens intellect and consolidates new memories for long-term storage. “Sleep also gives our brains the chance to clear debris, including beta amyloid, a protein that can cluster and clump together to form Alzheimer's plaque,” adds Dr. Caldwell. She recommends seven to eight continuous hours of sleep as a target for adults.   

3. Eat a well-balanced diet: Research shows that a Mediterranean-style diet rich in fish, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, olives and nuts helps maintain brain health and may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, says Dr. Caldwell. She advises minimizing red meat, whole-fat cheese, butter and fried food and sweets, and to limit alcohol consumption. 

“Prevention is a young science, and we need more research and volunteers to participate in studies. What we have discovered already, though, is invaluable in helping people to live their lives to the fullest in their 80s and beyond,” Dr. Caldwell concludes. 

Anyone over the age of 65 is at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, yet science suggests that up to 40% of Alzheimer’s cases could be prevented through healthy lifestyle modifications, says an expert from Cleveland Clinic’s Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health ahead of World Alzheimer’s Day on September 21.  “Changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s take place up to 20 years before the onset of symptoms, so it is never too early to start implementing a healthy lifestyle to reduce risk,” says Jessica Caldwell, PhD, a neuropsychologist who is also trained in neuroscience.   Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that progressively leads to a decline in individuals’ ability to think, learn, organize, carry out daily activities and remember important details. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60-70% of the 55 million cases of dementia worldwide. The WHO reports that there are nearly 10 million new cases of dementia every year and this number is expected to rise alongside the increasing proportion of elderly populations in most countries.  Dr. Caldwell, who is Director of the Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement Prevention Center at Cleveland Clinic, says, “Alzheimer’s is multifactorial disease. So, for example, in an individual developing the most common form, late-onset Alzheimer’s, the cause will probably be a combination of factors including aging, genetics, family history, overall health, lifestyle behaviors, and even environmental effects such as air pollution.”  Although researchers cannot pinpoint all the causes of Alzheimer’s conclusively, they have identified several modifiable risk factors associated with the disease andhave also identified several lifestyle habits that can boost brain function. Among these, Dr. Caldwell says she recommends three lifestyle tips in particular as they offer multiple benefits and support overall health.   Dr. Caldwell adds that it is never too late in life to implement these three healthy habits as they help to maximize brain function for as long as possible and improve outcomes for those already diagnosed with cognitive impairment.  Dr Caldwell’s top 3 tips   1. Exercise regularly: Exercise has both immediate and long-term brain benefits, from increasing brain chemistry that supports the health of brain cells, to reducing factors such as chronic bodily inflammation that can be harmful for the brain, says Dr. Caldwell. She adds that exercise also has indirect brain benefits, for example, improving mood and sleep, reducing stress, supporting heart health, increasing opportunities to socialize, and lowering blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes risk — all of which reduce risks for declining memory with age.   “The exercise goal for long-term brain health is at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week, for example, a brisk walk,” says Dr. Caldwell. “For healthy adults, more is better, so you could bump this up to 300 minutes, and if you are under the age of 60, high intensity interval training (HIIT) is best for supporting healthy brain function.”   For people who have not previously exercised, Dr. Caldwell recommends getting a doctor’s approval before starting a program. She suggests enlisting a partner for accountability and motivation, or pairing exercise with something people already enjoy, such as riding a stationary bike while watching TV, or walking while listening to a podcast.   2. Get sufficient sleep: Poor sleep can have immediate as well as cumulative negative impact on an individual’s brain functioning, says Dr. Caldwell. Conversely, sound sleep improves mood, sharpens intellect and consolidates new memories for long-term storage. “Sleep also gives our brains the chance to clear debris, including beta amyloid, a protein that can cluster and clump together to form Alzheimer's plaque,” adds Dr. Caldwell. She recommends seven to eight continuous hours of sleep as a target for adults.    3. Eat a well-balanced diet: Research shows that a Mediterranean-style diet rich in fish, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, olives and nuts helps maintain brain health and may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, says Dr. Caldwell. She advises minimizing red meat, whole-fat cheese, butter and fried food and sweets, and to limit alcohol consumption.  “Prevention is a young science, and we need more research and volunteers to participate in studies. What we have discovered already, though, is invaluable in helping people to live their lives to the fullest in their 80s and beyond,” Dr. Caldwell concludes. 

The Hon. Michael Darville, Minister of Health and Wellness, the Hon. Lisa Rahming, Minister of State in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Renewal and First Lady of the Republic of Botswana, Her Excellency Mrs. Neo Jane Masisi toured the Children's Ward of the Princess Margaret Hospital on Wednesday, September 13, 2023.

We know today that the oral cavity is the gateway to your body. The health of your mouth is therefore the gateway to your overall health. There is a direct relationship between diseases of the mouth and their effects on the body.

In this column, we will discuss how good oral health not only prevents pain and suffering, it enhances your medical health.

Your oral health offers clues about your overall health. Your mouth is immersed with bacteria. Since your mouth is the entry point to your digestive and respiratory tracts some of these bacteria can cause disease.

Normally the body's natural defenses, supported by good oral health care; such as daily brushing and flossing, helps keep bacteria under control. However, without proper oral hygiene, bacteria can reach levels that might lead to oral infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease. Certain diseases, such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS and Covid-19 lower the body's resistance to infection making oral health problems more severe.

Oral bacteria and gum diseases can also contribute to various medical diseases and conditions, including:
-Endocarditis - this infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers or valves usually occurs when bacteria or other germs from another part of your body; such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to certain areas in your heart.

-Cardiovascular disease - research suggests that heart disease, clogged arteries and strokes might be linked to the inflammation and infections that oral bacteria can cause.

-Pregnancy and birth complications - periodontitis has been associated with premature births and low birth weight babies.

– Pneumonia - certain bacteria in your mouth can be directed to your lungs, causing pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

– Diabetes - by reducing the body's resistance to infection, diabetes places your gums at risk. Gum disease appears to be more frequent and severe among people who have diabetes. Research shows that people who have gum disease have a harder time controlling their blood sugar levels. Regular periodontal care can improve diabetes control.

– HIV/AIDS - oral problems, such as painful mucosal lesions are common in people who have HIV/AIDS.

– Osteoporosis - this bone-weakening disease is linked with periodontal bone loss and tooth loss. Certain drugs used to treat osteoporosis carry a small risk of damage to the bones of the jaw.

To protect your oral health, practice good oral hygiene daily. Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes each time. Look into the mirror when you brush. Use a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Floss daily. Use mouthwash to remove food particles left after brushing and flossing. Eat a healthy diet and limit sugary foods and drinks. Replace your toothbrush every two to three months, or sooner if bristles are splayed or worn. Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings. Avoid tobacco use.

Investment in your overall health by practicing good oral habits not only prevents unnecessary pain and suffering but it creates healthier conditions for your body.

Protect yourself by learning more about the connection between your oral health and overall health.

Dr. Kendal V. O. Major is Founder and CEO of Center for Specialized Dentistry which is a comprehensive family dental practice operating in Nassau and Freeport. He is the first Bahamian Specialist in gum diseases and dental implants since 1989. He also is a certified Fast braces provider. His practice is located at 89 Collins Avenue, Nassau at (242)325-5165 or kmajor@csddentistry.com.

The Ministry of Health & Wellness is reporting an increase in the number of new positive cases of DengueFever in country. Today, the Minister of Health & Wellness the Honourable Dr. Michael R. Darville confirmed that sixteen (16) cases are now confirmed in New Providence. He added that there is asuspected case in Abaco, awaiting testing. During a press conference to announce the status of Denguein the country and prevention tips, the Health Minister confirmed that three (3) persons have beenhospitalized, with one (1) person having to be placed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at the PrincessMargaret Hospital.

The Health Minister urged the public to adhere to the personal and environmental protocols to reduce anincrease in cases.

Flanked by a core team of senior health officers and a representative from PAHO and the Vector ControlUnit in the Department of Environmental Health Services, Dr. Darville carefully outlined the critical needfor the public to participate to the fullest extent in preventing an increase in cases, “In 2011, the Bahamasexperienced a severe outbreak of Dengue Fever and at that time a significant number of the populationpresenting to our clinics and hospitals with mild symptoms of Dengue were confirmed positive for Serotype1 and Serotype 2. Today we have lab confirmation of a case with Serotype 3 which is of concern. Thismeans that if someone who has experienced Dengue Type 1 & 2 from the previous outbreak and they areinfected with Type-3 they are at serious risk for severe illness and hospitalization, and even death.”

Minister Darville confirmed that at the clinic level the Ministry is coordinating resources to stageassessment and treatment at public clinics to reduce further overwhelming of Emergency Services at thePrincess Margaret Hospital. He also announced the launch of a hotline which will be a first point ofinformation and guidance for members of the public. 
Residents are advised that Dengue Fever can cause serious illness including severe dengue, denguehemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome which happens when blood vessels become damaged andleaky and a decrease in clot-forming cells (platelets) occurs. This can lead to shock, internal bleeding,organ failure and death. Symptoms of Dengue Fever include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, rash,aches and pains such as eye pain – typically behind the eyes, muscle, bone and joint pain. Personsexperiencing fever and two or more of these symptoms should see a health care provider.

Dengue Fever is a viral illness, spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Although this mosquito can bite atany time it is more active shortly after dawn and before dusk. To protect oneself, despite the heat, personsare encouraged to wear long-sleeved shirts and long trousers of light materials and stay hydrated. Thepublic is further advised to use approved mosquito repellants containing DEET, Icaridin, or IR3535, andaccording to the product’s instructions.

The mosquito that causes Dengue Fever lives and multiplies in objects which harbor standing waterincluding tires, buckets, derelict vehicles, old appliances, bottles and bottle caps. Persons are encouragedto cover water storage receptacles, check potted plants and bromeliads for standing water, and ensurescreens at doors and windows are intact.

The Ministry has advised that the National Communicable Disease Surveillance Unit (NDSU), incollaboration with the Department of Environmental Health Services (DEHS), has been actively monitoringthis situation and has instituted preventive mosquito breeding measures. Regularly scheduled foggingcontinues as weather permits. 

The Ministry of Health & Wellness is reporting an increase in the number of new positive cases of Dengue Fever in country. Today, the Minister of Health & Wellness the Honourable Dr. Michael R. Darville confirmed that sixteen (16) cases are now confirmed in New Providence. He added that there is a suspected case in Abaco, awaiting testing. During a press conference to announce the status of Dengue in the country and prevention tips, the Health Minister confirmed that three (3) persons have been hospitalized, with one (1) person having to be placed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at the Princess Margaret Hospital. The Health Minister urged the public to adhere to the personal and environmental protocols to reduce an increase in cases. Flanked by a core team of senior health officers and a representative from PAHO and the Vector Control Unit in the Department of Environmental Health Services, Dr. Darville carefully outlined the critical need for the public to participate to the fullest extent in preventing an increase in cases, “In 2011, the Bahamas experienced a severe outbreak of Dengue Fever and at that time a significant number of the population presenting to our clinics and hospitals with mild symptoms of Dengue were confirmed positive for Serotype 1 and Serotype 2. Today we have lab confirmation of a case with Serotype 3 which is of concern. This means that if someone who has experienced Dengue Type 1 & 2 from the previous outbreak and they are infected with Type-3 they are at serious risk for severe illness and hospitalization, and even death.” Minister Darville confirmed that at the clinic level the Ministry is coordinating resources to stage assessment and treatment at public clinics to reduce further overwhelming of Emergency Services at the Princess Margaret Hospital. He also announced the launch of a hotline which will be a first point of information and guidance for members of the public.  Residents are advised that Dengue Fever can cause serious illness including severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome which happens when blood vessels become damaged and leaky and a decrease in clot-forming cells (platelets) occurs. This can lead to shock, internal bleeding, organ failure and death. Symptoms of Dengue Fever include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains such as eye pain – typically behind the eyes, muscle, bone and joint pain. Persons experiencing fever and two or more of these symptoms should see a health care provider. Dengue Fever is a viral illness, spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Although this mosquito can bite at any time it is more active shortly after dawn and before dusk. To protect oneself, despite the heat, persons are encouraged to wear long-sleeved shirts and long trousers of light materials and stay hydrated. The public is further advised to use approved mosquito repellants containing DEET, Icaridin, or IR3535, and according to the product’s instructions. The mosquito that causes Dengue Fever lives and multiplies in objects which harbor standing water including tires, buckets, derelict vehicles, old appliances, bottles and bottle caps. Persons are encouraged to cover water storage receptacles, check potted plants and bromeliads for standing water, and ensure screens at doors and windows are intact. The Ministry has advised that the National Communicable Disease Surveillance Unit (NDSU), in collaboration with the Department of Environmental Health Services (DEHS), has been actively monitoring this situation and has instituted preventive mosquito breeding measures. Regularly scheduled fogging continues as weather permits.